NOTE on frozen balls —
from Rec.Sport.Billiard (RSB)
Frozen Cue-ball to Object-ball

Article: 117703 of rec.sport.billiard
From: Ron Shepard 
Newsgroups: rec.sport.billiard
Subject: Re: House Rules
Organization: little, if any
Lines: 26
Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 14:03:20 GMT

In article <20030507083902.08411.00001094@mb-m04.aol.com>, ninebal310@aol.com (Ninebal310) wrote:

For example: If the cue ball is in contact with the object ball, it has been proven that the there will be a "double hit" if the cueball is not struck at at least a 45 degree angle.

It is not clear if you are asking a question about this situation or if you are making a statement.   If it is the latter, then your statement is not right.

When the balls are frozen, there is no double hit at any angle, 45 degrees, 30 degrees, 0 degrees, 89 degrees, whatever.   For a normal stroke, there is a single tip-ball contact, that contact time is very short (about 0.001 seconds) the same as any other legal tip-ball contact, both the cue ball and the object ball are accelerated by that tip-ball contact, and that simultaneous acceleration occurs at any cut angle and any stick elevation angle.

This behavior was predicted long ago based on the physics of the collision and the physical characteristics of the balls, stick, and tip, and it was proven empirically with the high speed video from the  Jacksonville Project  and with other experiments (e.g. the capacitor experiments described in Marlow's 1995 book).   In this case, the predictions were in perfect agreement with reality.

$.02 -Ron Shepard

Here is some information on the Jacksonville Project.